On March 20, the Minsheng Art Museum in Shanghai threw open its doors on Liu Wei’s solo show, “Trilogy” 《三部曲：刘韡个展》. Who said there were no local art museums? Although I couldn’t make it for the show, and I can’t offer any critical analysis or interesting commentary, I decided, considering the popularity of previous posts on his works, to post the press images that arrived in my inbox. Here’s a link to a (very poorly translated) English press release. Qu’ils mangent de la brioche! 

The above installation, “Merely a Mistake” 《仅仅是个错误》gets the gold star prize from me, find the rest of the images  after the jump. (more…)

Late March. Public heat has ceased for eight days now. With concrete walls for insulation, my hands are freezing!It just might be warmer outside….I’ve been doing some research lately, and when I came across this cartoon from the May 1955 issue of Meishu 美术, I thought it should be shared, if only to show how much has remained the same.The title is “Four Seasons in one Building.” When this was drawn, urban dormitory dwellings were under construction en masse, according to the caption, the four season phenomenon was caused by irregular water pipes.I ran into a friend yesterday who hasn’t had hot water in their 15th floor apartment for three days, their building was built in the 90s. I’d rather be cold!At Beijing University, I lived in a dorm room which looked like the 3rd in the cartoon below (ah, Shaoyuan!). Now, as I write to you dear readers, I look like that huddled mass on the first floor, with just my hands sticking out from the folds….

“Hope” in the Beijing springtime…

Ding Ling （1904－1986) was a writer whose career took off in 1927, during the Republican era. She was eventually imprisoned by the Guomindang, who tried to convince her to use her popularity to fight for their cause, which she did not. She eventually escaped and made it to the Communist base at Yenan, where intellecutals were gathering, and she became an important writer advocating, in some cases criticizing the communist organization that had formed there. In this particular instance, she was criticizing the hypocrisy and double standards for women that she saw in Yenan. As to be expected, she was criticized heavily for this, the criticism was her putting women’s rights before the “more important goal” of political rights for the proletariat. She was sent away for re-education from the peasants. So much still rings true today. (To switch between Chinese and English versions, click language preferenceat right)

“妇女”这两个字，将在什么时代才不被重视，不需要特别的被提出呢？

年年都有这一天。每年在这一天的时候，几乎是全世界的地方都开着会，检阅着她们的队伍。延安虽说这两年不如前年热闹，但似乎总有几个人在那里忙着。而且一定有大会，有演说的，有通电，有文章发表。

延安的妇女是比中国其它地方的妇女幸福的。甚至有很多人都在嫉羡的说：“为什么小米把女同志吃得那么红胖？”女同志在医院，在休养所，在门诊部都占着很大的比例，却似乎并没有使人惊奇，然而延安的女同志却仍不能免除那种幸运：不管在什么场合都最能作为有兴趣的问题被谈起。而且各种各样的女同志都可以得到她应得的诽议。这些责难似乎都是严重而确当的。

女同志的结婚永远使人注意，而不会使人满意的。她们不能同一个男同志比较接近，更不能同几个都接近。她们被画家们讽刺：“一个科长也嫁了么？”诗人们也说：“延安只有骑马的首长，没有艺术家的首长，艺术家在延安是找不到漂亮的情人的。”然而她们也在某种场合聆听着这样的训词：“他妈的，瞧不起我们老干部，说是土包子，要不是我们土包子，你想来延安吃小米！”但女人总是要结婚的。（不结婚更有罪恶，她将更多的被作为制造谣言的对象，永远被污蔑。）

不是骑马的就是穿草鞋的，不是艺术家就是总务科长。她们都得生小孩。小孩也有各自的命运：有的被细羊毛线和花绒布包着，抱在保姆的怀里，有的被没有洗净的布片包着，扔在床头啼哭，而妈妈和爸爸都在大嚼着孩子的津贴，（每月25元，价值二斤半猪肉）要是没有这笔津贴，也许他们根本就尝不到肉味。然而女同志究竟应该嫁谁呢，事实是这样，被逼着带孩子的一定可以得到公开的讥讽：“回到家庭了的娜拉。”而有着保姆的女同志，每一个星期可以有一天最卫生的交际舞。虽说在背地里也会有难比的诽语悄声的传播着，然而只要她走到那里，那里就会热闹，不管骑马的，穿草鞋的，总务科长，艺术家们的眼睛都会望着她。这同一切的理论都无关，同一切主义思想也无关，同一切开会演说也无关。然而这都是人人知道，人人不说，而且在做着的现实。

离婚的问题也是一样。大抵在结婚的时候，有三个条件是必须注意到的。一、政治上纯洁不纯洁，二、年龄相貌差不多，三、彼此有无帮助。虽说这三十条件几乎是人人具备（公开的汉奸这里是没有的。而所谓帮助也可以说到鞋袜的缝补，甚至女性的安慰），但却一定堂皇的考虑到。而离婚的口实，一定是女同志的落后。我是最以为一个女人自己不进步而还要拖住她的丈夫为可耻的，可是让我们看一看她们是如何落后的。她们在没有结婚前都抱着有凌云的志向，和刻苦的斗争生活，她们在生理的要求和“彼此帮助”的蜜语之下结婚了，于是她们被逼着做了操劳的回到家庭的娜拉。她们也唯恐有“落后”的危险，她们四方奔走，厚颜的要求托儿所收留她们的孩子，要求刮子宫，宁肯受一切处分而不得不冒着生命的危险悄悄的去吃着坠胎的药。而她们听着这样的回答： “带孩子不是工作吗？你们只贪图舒服，好高骛远，你们到底做过一些什么了不起的政治工作？既然这样怕生孩子，生了又不肯负责，谁叫你们结婚呢？”于是她们不能免除“落后”的命运。一个有了工作能力的女人，而还能牺牲自己的事业去作为一个贤妻良母的时候，未始不被人所歌颂，但在十多年之后，她必然也逃不出 “落后”的悲剧。即使在今天以我一个女人去看，这些“落后”分子，也实在不是一个可爱的女人。她们的皮肤在开始有折绉，头发在稀少，生活的疲惫夺取她们最后的一点爱娇。她们处于这样的悲运，似乎是很自然的，但在旧的社会里，她们或许会被称为可怜，薄命，然而在今天，却是自作孽、活该。不是听说法律上还在争论着离婚只须一方提出，或者必须双方同意的问题么？离婚大约多半都是男子提出的，假如是女人，那一定有更不道德的事，那完全该女人受诅咒。

我自己是女人，我会比别人更懂得女人的缺点，但我却更懂得女人的痛苦。她们不会是超时代的，不会是理想的，她们不是铁打的。她们抵抗不了社会一切的诱惑，和无声的压迫，她们每人都有一部血泪史，都有过崇高的感情，（不管是升起的或沉落的，不管有幸与不幸，不管仍在孤苦奋斗或卷入庸俗，）这在对于来到延安的女同志说来更不冤枉，所以我是拿着很大的宽容来看一切被沦为女犯的人的。而且我更希望男子们尤其是有地位的男子，和女人本身都把这些女人的过错看得与社会有联系些。少发空议论，多谈实际的问题，使理论与实际不脱节，在每个共产党员的修身上都对自己负责些就好了。

然而我们也不能不对女同志们，尤其是在延安的女同志有些小小的企望。而且勉励着自己。勉励着友好。

世界上从没有无能的人，有资格去获取一切的。所以女人要取得平等，得首先强己。我不必说大家都懂的。而且，一定在今天会有人演说的：“首先取得我们的政权”的大话，我只说作为一个阵线中的一员（无产阶级也好，抗战也好，妇女也好），每天所必须注意的事项。

第一、不要让自己生病。无节制的生活，有时会觉得浪漫，有诗意，可爱，然而对今天环境不适宜。没有一个人能比你自己还会爱你的生命些。没有什么东西比今天失去健康更不幸些。只有它同你最亲近，好好注意它，爱护它。

第二、使自己愉快。只有愉快里面才有青春，才有活力，才觉得生命饱满，才觉得能担受一切磨难，才有前途，才有享受。这种愉快不是生活的满足，而是生活的战斗和进取。所以必须每天都做点有意义的工作，都必须读点书，都能有东西给别人，游惰只使人感到生命的空白，疲软，枯萎。

第三、用脑子。最好养好成一种习惯。改正不作思索，随波逐流的毛病。每说一句话，每做一件事，最好想想这话是否正确？这事是否处理的得当，不违背自己作人的原则，是否自己可以负责。只有这样才不会有后悔。这就是叫通过理性，这，才不会上当，被一切甜蜜所蒙蔽，被小利所诱，才不会浪费热情，浪费生命，而免除烦恼。第四、下吃苦的决心，坚持到底。生为现代的有觉悟的女人，就要有认定牺牲一切蔷薇色的温柔的梦幻。幸福是暴风雨中的搏斗，而不是在月下弹琴，花前吟诗。假如没有最大的决心，一定会在中途停歇下来。不悲苦，即堕落。而这种支持下去的力量却必须在“有恒”中来养成。没有大的抱负的人是难于有这种不贪便宜，不图舒服的坚忍的。而这种抱负只有真正为人类，而非为己的人才会有。

附丁玲后记：文章已经写完了，自己再重看一次，觉得关于企望的地方，还有很多意见，但为发稿时间有限，也不能整理了。不过又有这样的感觉，觉得有些话假如是一个首长在大会中说来，或许有人认为痛快。然而却写在一个女人的笔底下，是很可以取消的。但既然写了就仍旧给那些有同感的人看看吧。

原载1942年3月9日延安《解放日报》

Last week, at a “regular news conference at the Foreign Ministry, Jiang Yu, a spokeswoman, suggested that some reporters were trying to stir up unrest, not report on it. ‘Law-abiding people will be protected by the law,’ she said. ‘But people who are trying to create trouble in China, I can tell them that they have made the wrong plans.’” (via NYT, read full text here)

Veiled threats from the “ministry” hint that harmony threatens the free world. This means that you too, white journalist, will have to abide by the rules. Or at least appear to abide by them. Covering the career-boosting “China in unrest” story has become even more valuable.

Evan Osnos asked recently on the New Yorker blog, “Is China giving up on Western Rule of Law?” (link here) And physical attacks on foreign journalists in China also hint that this ain’t, and never will be, the proverbial “Kansas.” But while “strolling protests” and other news are afforded major coverage outside the Great Firewall, various ministries quietly assert their point of view through other subtle messages. Here, that point of view is literally with the prominent Pacific-centered political map as a background.

The white lines on a blue field contrast starkly with the red and yellow of the Chinese flag, and the stylized rendering of this map, as well as the unfamiliar projection (most common is the Mercator projection) seems to state the Ministry’s position perfectly. The image above seems the quintessential inclusion of the three primary colors, and against the blue, the flag’s prominent color seems distinctly non-conservative. The red logo on the very center of the podium also looks striking, it seems to be in the cusp of the “bending” African and South American continents. China has rendered itself as a supporter of the developing nations since the 1950s, the theme can be found in both “fine” art and poster arts since 1949. The image the Foreign Ministry projects here is not too different from what we might see at a US, or UN press conference, it seems to suggest we are looking at a power equal, but alternative, to the current world order.

I’ve written briefly on the mathematical symmetry and stern aesthetic in news images from the DPRK (link here), and the stark image above bears a certain resemblance. But to be fair, its symmetric composition should be credited to David Gray for Reuters. Thus, this image is not the product of any “propaganda machine,” although its staged element are surely homegrown. This fact also adds a new, more interesting layer to its analysis––how much of this representation is based on the photographer’s preconceptions of authority as stiff and dictated from the center? But, never having consciously seen other images of this “regular new conference,” I can only make limited comments.

If we take these types of background images seriously (and we have every reason to believe that ALL nations do), it is clear who’s projecting a unique world view.

Read more on journalist restrictions in the IHT here.